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Crystal arthropathies and osteoarthritis-where is the link?
Jarraya, M, Roemer, F, Kwoh, CK, Guermazi, A
Skeletal radiology. 2023;(11):2037-2043
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. As our understanding of OA progressively has moved from a purely mechanical "wear and tear" concept toward a complex multi-tissue condition in which inflammation plays a central role, the possible role of crystal-induced inflammation in OA incidence and progression may be relevant. In addition to gout, which affects 4% of the US population, basic calcium phosphate and calcium pyrophosphate deposition both may induce joint inflammation and may play a role in pain in OA. This narrative review article discusses the possible mechanisms underlying the associations between crystal-induced arthropathies and OA, and the important implications of these for clinical practice and future research.
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Emerging Quantitative Imaging Techniques in Sports Medicine.
Hayashi, D, Roemer, FW, Tol, JL, Heiss, R, Crema, MD, Jarraya, M, Rossi, I, Luna, A, Guermazi, A
Radiology. 2023;(2):e221531
Abstract
This article describes recent advances in quantitative imaging of musculoskeletal extremity sports injuries, citing the existing literature evidence and what additional evidence is needed to make such techniques applicable to clinical practice. Compositional and functional MRI techniques including T2 mapping, diffusion tensor imaging, and sodium imaging as well as contrast-enhanced US have been applied to quantify pathophysiologic processes and biochemical compositions of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Dual-energy and/or spectral CT has shown potential, particularly for the evaluation of osseous and ligamentous injury (eg, creation of quantitative bone marrow edema maps), which is not possible with standard single-energy CT. Recent advances in US technology such as shear-wave elastography or US tissue characterization as well as MR elastography enable the quantification of mechanical, elastic, and physical properties of tissues in muscle and tendon injuries. The future role of novel imaging techniques such as photon-counting CT remains to be established. Eventual prediction of return to play (ie, the time needed for the injury to heal sufficiently so that the athlete can get back to playing their sport) and estimation of risk of repeat injury is desirable to help guide sports physicians in the treatment of their patients. Additional values of quantitative analyses, as opposed to routine qualitative analyses, still must be established using prospective longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
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Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: insights from the ECLB-COVID19 multicentre study.
Ammar, A, Trabelsi, K, Brach, M, Chtourou, H, Boukhris, O, Masmoudi, L, Bouaziz, B, Bentlage, E, How, D, Ahmed, M, et al
Biology of sport. 2021;38(1):9-21
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Plain language summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To curb the spread of the 2020 pandemic, social distancing, self-isolation and nationwide lockdown measures were put in place. These measures along with hygiene care are recognized as the most effective ways to curb the spread of disease. However; the weakening of social contacts can result in anxiety, frustration, panic attacks, loss or sudden increase of appetite, insomnia, depression, mood swings, delusions, fear, sleep disorders, and suicidal/domestic violence. The purpose of the study is to provide scientific data to help identify risk factors for the psychosocial strain during the COVID-19 outbreak. The study is an international cross-disciplinary online survey and was circulated in April 2020. 1047 replies were analysed from this preliminary phase. The results show a significant difference in all tested parameters and therefore reveal a large burden for mental wellbeing combined with a tendency towards an unhealthy lifestyle during, compared to before, the confinement enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight the importance for policy makers to consider strategies to promote wellbeing during future confinements.
Abstract
Although recognised as effective measures to curb the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, social distancing and self-isolation have been suggested to generate a burden throughout the population. To provide scientific data to help identify risk factors for the psychosocial strain during the COVID-19 outbreak, an international cross-disciplinary online survey was circulated in April 2020. This report outlines the mental, emotional and behavioural consequences of COVID-19 home confinement. The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North Africa, Western Asia and the Americas. Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" the confinement period. 1047 replies (54% women) from Western Asia (36%), North Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other continents (3%) were analysed. The COVID-19 home confinement evoked a negative effect on mental wellbeing and emotional status (P < 0.001; 0.43 ≤ d ≤ 0.65) with a greater proportion of individuals experiencing psychosocial and emotional disorders (+10% to +16.5%). These psychosocial tolls were associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours with a greater proportion of individuals experiencing (i) physical (+15.2%) and social (+71.2%) inactivity, (ii) poor sleep quality (+12.8%), (iii) unhealthy diet behaviours (+10%), and (iv) unemployment (6%). Conversely, participants demonstrated a greater use (+15%) of technology during the confinement period. These findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the COVID-19 home confinement period and provide a clear remit for the urgent implementation of technology-based intervention to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle AHCL).
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Effects of Motor Mental Imagery Training on Tennis Service Performance during the Ramadan Fasting: a Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Fekih, S, Zguira, MS, Koubaa, A, Masmoudi, L, Bragazzi, NL, Jarraya, M
Nutrients. 2020;(4)
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of motor mental imagery training on tennis service performance among tennis athletes who fast during Ramadan. Participants were 38 young male tennis players, randomly divided into two groups: Imaging Training (IMG, n = 18) and control group (CG, n = 20). The CG has watched videos on the history of the Olympic Games, while IMG has followed a training program in motor imagery. The performance of the tennis service was obtained by the product between accuracy and speed of typing (accuracy x average speed of all shots (km/h)). The effect of group / time interaction (p < 0.01) was identified for all performance indicators (accuracy, running speed and performance (speed x precision)), with improvement only in IMG (p = 0.01). The results showed that motor imagery training could be an effective strategy for mitigating/counteracting the negative effects of Ramadan on the tennis service performance.
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The Impact of a Motor Imagery-Based Training Program on Agility, Speed, and Reaction Time in a Sample of Young Tennis Athletes during Ramadan Fasting: Insights and Implications from a Randomized, Controlled Experimental Trial.
Fekih, S, Zguira, MS, Koubaa, A, Ghariani, I, Zguira, H, Bragazzi, NL, Jarraya, M
Nutrients. 2020;(11)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore whether a training program incorporating motor imagery could have an effect on physical performance outcomes in terms of agility, speed, and reaction time in a sample of tennis athletes who fasted during the month of Ramadan. Recruited subjects were 27 young male tennis players, randomly allocated to two groups: the imaging training group (n = 13) and a control group (n = 14). The study was designed as a randomized, controlled experimental study. The control group was engaged in watching videos concerning the history of the Olympic Games, whereas the motor imagery group followed a motor imagery-based training program. Physical performance outcomes were assessed during four sessions (one before Ramadan and three during Ramadan) by means of field tests. Our results revealed a drop in all performance outcomes measured in the middle and at the end of Ramadan for both groups (p < 0.01). The effect of the group × time interaction (p < 0.01) was reported for all physical performance outcomes measured for the two groups. This drop in performance was greater for the control group compared to the motor imagery group in the middle and at the end of Ramadan. This study showed that fasting during Ramadan reduced agility, speed, and reaction time performance for tennis players. A motor imagery-based training program could be an effective approach to reduce the effect of fasting during Ramadan and stabilize physical performance outcomes in terms of agility, speed, and reaction time for male tennis players.
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Brief report: symmetricity of radiographic and MRI-detected structural joint damage in persons with knee pain--the Joints on Glucosamine (JOG) Study.
Roemer, FW, Jarraya, M, Kwoh, CK, Hannon, MJ, Boudreau, RM, Green, SM, Jakicic, JM, Moore, C, Guermazi, A
Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2015;(8):1343-7
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most MRI-based osteoarthritis (OA) studies have focused on a single knee per person and thus, data on bilaterality is sparse. Study aim was to describe symmetricity of MRI-detected OA features in a cohort of subjects with knee pain. DESIGN Participants were 169 subjects with chronic knee pain who had 3 T MRI of both knees using the same protocol as in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Knees were read for cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and meniscal damage according to the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) system. Chi(2) tests were used to compare the proportion of knees with unilateral tissue pathology to the proportion what would be expected if both knees were independent. We further used percent agreement and linear weighted kappa statistics to describe agreement of cartilage damage and BMLs in the same articular plates. RESULTS 51.2% of participants were men, mean age was 52.1 (±6.2), mean BMI was 29.0 kg/m(2) (±4.1). All plates showed a significant higher degree of symmetricity for cartilage damage as evidenced by weighted kappas ranging from 0.32 to 0.59. For BMLs the degree of symmetricity was higher for the patella, trochlea, medial tibia, lateral femur, and medial femur; for meniscal damage the degree of unilaterality was lower for all medial meniscal subregions but not all lateral. Kappas ranged between 0.52 and 0.68 for cartilage and 0.30 and 0.55 for BMLs for the four subregions with highest agreement. CONCLUSION A higher degree of symmetricity of tissue damage than expected by chance was observed in this cohort of subjects with knee pain.